TEL: +1 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com
Saltwater Redox Flow Battery Technology Report $5000 Salgenx has released its Saltwater Redox Flow Battery Technology Report, a pivotal resource that delves into the century-old technology recently validated by a $7 million US Military investment and experiments by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. More Info
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Press Releases For the press releases for Salgenx Salt Water Battery, please follow the link below. |
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Revolutionizing the EV Battery Landscape: The Emergence of Grid-Scale Saltwater Flow Batteries for Lithium Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) Unlocking a Sustainable Future in Lithium ProductionIn a remarkable leap forward for electric vehicle (EV) technology, a new grid-scale saltwater flow battery system has emerged, promising to revolutionize the EV battery materials supply chain. This innovative system stands out for its ability to extract lithium during its charging process, a breakthrough that could redefine how we approach lithium production for EV batteries.Energy SavingsThe integration of lithium extraction into the charging process of these batteries leads to more than 50 percent energy savings compared to standard lithium extraction methods. This efficiency is particularly noteworthy when paired with renewable energy sources like solar PV systems. When deployed with solar PV, the power can be stored during the day, then used for post-processing (refining) at night with the power already stored, resulting in huge energy savings.Battery Metals Lose Luster as Surge in Supply Outpaces Demand Sustainable Lithium Extraction: How is Lithium Mined and Processed The Emergence of Grid-Scale Saltwater Flow Batteries for Lithium Extraction |
Flow Battery Comparison Chart |
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How the Salt Water Flow Battery Works Operation:1. An aqueous solution of NaCl is set in a tank and an organic liquid with high solubility of Chlorine gas and low miscibility in water is set in another tank.2. Exits from these tanks flow in separate tubing and a pump sets the flow rate for each phase.3. These two separate flows enter into a single flow (the reaction zone of the cell) and the flows will pass through and over their respective electrodes. The exit of these cells will be a flow combining the two flows. [Proprietary Device] separates the two flows and they return to their respective tanks.4. After a steady state operation is achieved, the battery applies the voltage being provided from the power source. The battery is now charging and chlorine gas is being produced in the solution. A. On the working electrode, [Proprietary catalyst] particles promote the well researched Chloride/Chlorine oxidation. Chloride ions from the NaCl aqueous solution oxidize into chlorine gas. This gas is then stripped from the aqueous phase by the organic phase.B. On the counter electrode sodium ions are ejected from an active electrode of [Proprietary catalyst] into the aqueous solution and the electrode transitions to [Proprietary catalyst]. This boosts the average cell voltage from 1.3V to 1.8V5. State of charge (SOC) is tracked by an inline concentration sensor of the organic phase. Once it reaches between 90-95 percent of its solubility limit of Chlorine gas the battery is considered charged. Pumping operation could cease. At no point is Chlorine gas outside of the closed loop system. A Chlorine sensor is provided and communicates instantaneously to command and control processor. In the case of a power failure, the system is flooded with NaCl to neutralize any Chlorine.6. The energy storage of this design comes from a large amount of trapped Chlorine gas and dissolved sodium ions. Due to the separation of the tanks, discharge over time should be incredibly limited.7. During discharge, the pumps are turned back on and a steady state operation is achieved. Then an opposite voltage is applied and the dissolved chlorine gas returns to chloride ions and the discharge is started. A. On the working electrode, dissolved chlorine gas reacts on the [Proprietary catalyst] particles back into chloride ions. The low solubility of chloride in organic phases means these ions readily return to the aqueous phase. This is a safety factor which is inherent to the closed-loop system. B. On the counter electrode sodium inserts back into the active material of the electrode.8. Once again State of Charge (SOC) is tracked by the now diminishing Chlorine concentration in the organic phase. Once it reaches 0-5 percent of its charged value, the battery is considered discharged. Pumping operation ceases.
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NACS North American Charging Standard EV (image courtesy of Tesla) |
NACS Tesla Plug for Charging AC and DC Salgenx will be offering the NACS Tesla plug as part of its connectivity options to allow direct charging of electric vehicles.From @Teslamotors #Tesla: With more than a decade of use and 20 billion EV charging miles to its name, the Tesla charging connector is the most proven in North America, offering AC charging and up to 1 MW DC charging in one slim package. It has no moving parts, is half the size, and twice as powerful as Combined Charging System (CCS) connectors. Opening the North American Charging StandardNorth American Charging Standard TS-0023666 Tesla opens up its charging connector in a bid to become the North American standard |
Modular Block Electrolyzers Provide Core Processing for the Grid-Scale Salgenx Saltwater Flow Battery |
Modular Block Electrolyzers Provide Core Processing for the Grid-Scale Salgenx Saltwater Flow Battery Salgenx, a division of Infinity Turbine LLC, is proud to announce the launch of its groundbreaking saltwater flow battery that leverages the power of electrolyzers for energy storage and discharge. This innovative energy storage solution has been made possible through the utilization of stackable modular blocks, a novel method of fabrication that promises to reshape the energy storage industry. Modular Block Electrolyzers Provide Core Processing for the Grid-Scale Salgenx Saltwater Flow Battery
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Desalination A breakthrough in desalination technology has been announced today with the unveiling of a new system that uses a saltwater flow battery cycle to produce clean drinking water from seawater. This innovative solution has been developed by a team of scientists and engineers who have been working tirelessly to create a sustainable and cost-effective way of storing energy while simultaneously producing fresh water.The desalination system operates by using a saltwater flow battery cycle, which involves the movement of ions between two electrodes to store or discharge electricity without a membrane (which is typical with Vanadium or Bromine flow batteries). In this case, the process is used to remove salt from brine or seawater. The system can use a renewable energy source, such as solar power or large wind turbine, to charge the battery, making it both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. |
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Rocket Fuel From PV and Wind Energy Using the Salgenx Saltwater Battery Saltwater finds its utility in a variety of applications, with its role in flow batteries being merely one example. By employing sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as its foundational ingredient, the Salgenx saltwater battery also serves as a precursor in the production of solid rocket fuel. |
Experimenting using liquid electrode and electrostatics to develop a process to make graphene from graphite |
Exfoliated Graphene Under development using electrochemistry as a spinoff of this flow battery is making graphene.There are many similarities and the use of sodium (Na) to exfoliate graphene from graphite.We are also experimenting with electrostatic pulling to harvest layers of graphene from graphite.Infinity Turbine Exfoliated Graphene Electro-Exfoliation of Graphite to Graphene in an Aqueous Solution of Inorganic Salt |
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On Demand Factory Versus the Tesla Gigafactory Grid-scale batteries are an essential component of our modern energy infrastructure, and their production has become a critical factor in our ability to transition to a clean energy future. As demand for grid-scale batteries continues to grow, the manufacturing process has become a key area of focus for companies in the energy sector. In this article, we will explore the on-demand factory model and the Tesla Gigafactory format for grid-scale battery manufacturing, and compare their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their impact on production efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for the production of a Tesla Megapack and a grid-scale flow battery. |
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Gasification of Wood Waste to make Carbon for Battery Cathodes Gasification is a thermochemical process that converts organic materials, such as wood waste, into a gas mixture known as syngas. During the process, the wood waste is heated in the presence of a limited supply of oxygen or air, resulting in the production of volatile compounds, bio-oil, and solid residue, which can be further processed to produce hard carbon or graphite for use in battery cathodes. |
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Ultracapacitor Integration in Flow Batteries for Demand-Based Grid Applications The integration of ultracapacitors with flow batteries presents a significant opportunity to enhance the performance and functionality of energy storage systems for demand-based grid applications. By leveraging the high power density, rapid response times, and long cycle life of ultracapacitors, flow batteries can effectively address the requirements of grid stability, load balancing, frequency regulation, and renewable energy integration. With continued research and development, this synergistic combination has the potential to revolutionize energy storage technology and accelerate the transition to a more reliable and sustainable grid infrastructure. |
Cavgenx Heat Pump Turbine |
Cavgenx Heat Pump Turbine The heat pump turbine is a product which has been in development for some time. It is a hybrid between the Brayton Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle.This amazing device can also be used simultaneously as a heat pump, which only leverages its use in range extending for electric cars.The unique part of this turbine is that it can be closed-loop using CO2 as the working fluid taking advantage of sonochemistry (cavitation). Most refrigerants can be used as the working fluid for the Cavgenx heat pump turbine. The benefit is the ability to perform work using hydraulics and simultaneous cooling of the refrigerant.Ideal for industries leveraging both hydraulic and refrigeration systems, this approach promises enhanced efficiency and compact design.The system can also be used for lithium harvesting and refining by the use of the spinning disc reactor, which is a add-on element to the device.Making AI Less Thirsty: Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models |
Current Infinity GPU Lithium Batteries to be replace by Salgenx Saltwater Batteries |
Salgenx to Build Saltwater Cell Demo Units for Infinity Salgenx is in the process of developing saltwater flow demonstration units specifically designed for the Infinity GPU (Ground Power Unit) using a hand truck platform.These demo units consist of single cells that can be easily expanded to either 12V or 24V, depending on the vertical arrangement of the cells. The liquid electrolyte will be stored in Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) for efficient management.The Infinity Turbine GPU currently uses Lithium batteries, which will be replaced by the Salgenx Saltwater batteries.To harness the system's potential, the Infinity GPU will be utilized alongside Victron inverters and charge controllers, enabling seamless integration and optimized performance.
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Infinity Turbine Radial Outflow Turbine Generator which can be used simultaneously as a heat pump |
As a simultaneous Thermal Storage Device TES Considered a hybrid between a standard flow battery and a thermal storage device, the battery provides simultaneous heat or cold liquid storage as well as electrical energy storage.The Cogen Battery has a variety of applications which include:-storage of thermal energy (heating or cooling) from unused thermal resources-storage of electrical power for backup power and grid strength-utility grid power rate mining opportunities to store off-peak low cost power for later use during demand (on-peak) hours-storage of thermal energy for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power production while simultaneously storing the electrical output from the turbine generator-using off-peak low cost power to make heating and cooling for later use-reducing peak demand utility rates by peak energy shaving
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Heat Pump A heat pump is almost exactly like a ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) system, which uses phase change to provide work to produce heat or cooling.In the case of a ORC system, the pressure reducing valve is replaced with an expander which mechanically rotates a electrical generator to make power.A heat pump has a high COP (Coefficient of Performance - is defined as the relationship between the power (kW) that is drawn out of the heat pump as cooling or heat, and the power (kW) that is supplied to the compressor) when compared to resistance heating.We have also been able to have a high COP with our cavitating discs in liquids that cavitate (water, CO2, and refrigerants).The advantage of a heat pump is that you can use off peak power to produce heating or cooling into a liquid, and then use that thermal resource during the on peak hours for huge cost savings. We term this utility grid price arbitrage.Infinity Turbine Website for Cogen and Heat Pump Information |
Monetize the Tax Credit |
Monetize the Tax Credit Manufacturers can also monetize the tax credit through a direct payment from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is lieu of a credit against their taxes due, or opt to transfer the credit, as described below:Direct pay option: Manufacturers can receive a refund for 45X MPTC tax credits for the first five years they are claimed, though are still subject to the 2033 credit sunset. The five-year limitation does not apply if the manufacturer is a tax-exempt organization (i.e. non-profit), state, municipality, the Tennessee Valley Authority, Indian Tribal government, any Alaskan Native Corporation, or any rural electric cooperative. A penalty of 20% may apply where excess payments occur.[3]Transfer of credit: Manufacturers may also elect to transfer all, or a portion, of the tax credits for a given year to an unrelated eligible taxpayer. Payments for the credit must be made in cash and are not considered a taxable event (i.e. no taxes are owed on receiving the payment and no deduction is possible for making the payment). A penalty of 20% may apply where excess credits occur.[4][3] H.R.5376 – Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Section 6417. Taxpayers may elect to stop receiving direct payments in subsequent years, however, once stopped, they cannot go back to direct payments.[4] H.R.5376 – Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Section 6418. The transferee cannot further transfer any credits it received in the transfer. Monetize the tax credit (pdf page download)EnergyGov: Monetize the tax credit for manufacturing batteries Email: $105,000 tax credit per 3000kW battery built and sold in USA Email: $210,000 tax credit per 6000kW battery built and sold in USA |
Monetize the Tax Credit |
Tax Credits Waiting List If you have battery tax credits to sell, or would like to be put on a tax credits available for purchase waiting list, please send us an email.We anticipate having a minimum of $60 million worth of credits available by the end of 2023 from our various license holders and manufacturers.EnergyGov: Monetize the tax credit for manufacturing batteries |
Salt Water Flow Battery Levelized Cost of Storage |
Levelized Cost of Storage LCOS The superiority of Salt Water flow chemistry: lower levelized cost of storage (LCOS).Utility ScaleThe flexibility of large scale battery storage for wind and solar will prioritize grid stability. Salgenx salt water flow batteries meet these criteria with safe and nontoxic technology that is easier to site and permit than the competition with less maintenance and lower acquisition costs.Micro grids, DERMS and VPPsDistributed energy resources to maximize capacity, backup, and stability are a must. Stand-alone micro grids, oil and gas, or utilities balancing DERs all present ideal use cases for Salgenx salt water flow battery technology.Commercial and Industrial (C&I)Rapid growth in energy storage for commercial and industrial sites have been forecasted by industry experts. With Salgenx long-duration energy storage, you can manage demand charges and time-based rates while ensuring energy security. Buy low off-peak power and use during peak-demand. LCOS (pdf)
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Plug and Play |
Saltwater Battery The Salgenx saltwater battery is a flow battery system, which requires two large tanks that hold fluid electrolytes. One tank is dedicated to salt water (just add NaCl to water). The saltwater tank may be used for thermal storage.Fluids are circulated through electrodes, which regulate the input and output of electricity from the battery.The battery does not use a membrane, which is common on other redox flow battery systems. The absence of the membrane saves huge up front purchase costs, maintenance, and consumable expenses.The amount of electrolyte flowing in the electrochemical stack at any moment is rarely more than a few percent of the total amount of electrolyte present (for energy ratings corresponding to discharge at rated power for two to eight hours). Flow can easily be stopped during a fault condition. As a result, system vulnerability to uncontrolled energy release in the case of Vanadium or Bromine is limited by system architecture to a few percent of the total energy stored.The energy capacity is a function of the electrolyte volume and the power is a function of the surface area of the electrodes.
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Salt Water Battery Publications Below is a link for a variety of salt water battery publications.If you want to learn more about saltwater batteries and the technology, please look through the scientific papers. Salt Water Battery Curcumin Battery Redox Flow Battery Sodium Battery Electrode Electrode
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With every 20 to 50 AI queries, approximately half a liter of fresh water is lost in the form of steam emissions |
Note: The Cavgenx system is designed to be integrated into the Salgenx battery, which can be used as a heat sink for AI data center cooling and battery backup.Introduction to Data Center Cooling which uses Evaporative Cooling and lots of WaterIn our digitally-driven world, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our daily lives, from voice assistants and recommendation algorithms to chatbots and language models. We often use AI systems without realizing the environmental impact they may have. A recent study conducted by the University of California, Riverside, sheds light on a concerning aspect of AI technology: its hidden water footprint. Each time you run a ChatGPT artificial intelligence query, you unknowingly contribute to the depletion of our already overstressed freshwater resources.The Water Footprint of AIThe research from the University of California, Riverside, has revealed a startling fact: running AI queries that rely on cloud computations in data processing centers consumes significant amounts of freshwater resources. With every 20 to 50 queries, approximately half a liter (around 17 ounces) of fresh water is lost in the form of steam emissions. This might not seem like much on an individual basis, but the cumulative impact of billions of AI queries worldwide is a cause for concern...
Making AI Less Thirsty: Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models |
Simultaneous brine treatment and energy storage with lithium mining bonus |
What is Brine What is brine?Brine is generally defined as a solution characterized by an extremely high concentration of salts, such as sodium chloride. It can occur naturally, such as in seawater, deep-water ocean pools, salt lakes, or as a byproduct of various industries. These industrial byproducts, known as brine waste streams, often contain salt solutions with concentrations that surpass those found in natural brine solutions by more than twice the amount.Brine waste streams can also have high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), which are found in waste streams from many chemical manufacturing processes. Treating or discharging these waste streams can be particularly challenging due to their dynamic and complex composition, requiring specific purification methods.Several examples of brine waste generated as an industrial byproduct include:- Effluent from cooling towers and boilers- Waste or reject streams from reverse osmosis (RO) and ion exchange processes- Produced water resulting from the extraction of oil and natural gas- Waste from chlor-alkali and chemical plants- Acid rock and mine drainage- Waste streams from food preservation and manufacturing- Desalination waste from potable water production- Runoff from irrigationInnovative solutions have been developed to address the treatment of brine waste streams, considering them a costly and challenging issue. Elon Musk and Tesla, for instance, recognize the potential value in recovering lithium from brine, leading them to consider patenting the process. However, it is worth noting that their efforts are not the first in this regard, as a 1962 patent for lithium recovery from brine already exists. Source: 1962 Lithium from Brine Patent Seawater battery desalination with a reverse osmosis membrane for simultaneous brine treatment and energy storageEverything You Should Know About Saltwater Batteries Tesla patent reveals Elon Musk’s table salt lithium extraction process that could slash costs |
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Electro Vortex Flow Electrodes Salgenx is currently investigating using vortex flow for electrode cell dynamics. Similar to a spinning disc reactor, this enhances efficiency while providing a more robust and simple reaction with less parts.
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Active Laser Ablatement Under development is using a light sensitive catalyst electrode to provide electrolysis.
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Spices May Provide Way to Eco Friendly Electrodes Recent studies on using spices to reduce or eliminate dendrites in legacy battery systems may provide the link to eco friendly electrode coatings.The same antioxidant qualities that spices have for humans, have equally novel applications for electrolizers, increasing efficiency and lower costs simultaneously. More data will be released after we get our intellectual property secured.With the ability to have salt water for one electrolyte, and a organic soltion for the other, along with novel spice coated electrodes, Salgenx is gearing towards the most eco friendly green battery system on the planet.Best of all, local battery businesses will be able to manufacture batteries for homes, businesses, and grid sized power storage, eliminating the need for time consuming and costly shipping.
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Salgenx as a division of Infinity Turbine is working on binder free electrodes to enhance the tuning and maintenance of their salt water flow battery system |
Binder-Free Electrodes Synthesis for Electrochemical Energy Storage Application Part of our commitment for advanced energy storage, we have been working on binder free electrodes for a few years now.The ramifications of this technology will allow greater experimentation, efficiency, and maintenance of flow battery electrodes.This research and deployment will be part of our yearly updates for licensee holders of our salt water flow battery technology. The speed of which this is progressing will lead us to putting this under the trade secret category and not into the slow and exposure in the worldwide patent process.
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Forced Learned Electrode Part of our commitment for advanced energy storage, we have been working on intelligent electrodes for a few years now. The advancement of this technology will allow greater variability, efficiency, and performance of flow battery electrodes.This research and deployment will be part of our yearly updates for licensee holders of our salt water flow battery technology. The speed of which this is progressing will lead us to putting this under the trade secret category and not into the slow and exposure in the worldwide patent process.What is a forced learned electrode ? It's a new paradigm in electro-chemistry that uses first principles to make working electrodes that are not static. It's a hybrid between biofeedback and energized fields that rapidly decrease development time and dramatically increase velocity of deployment to market.
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CO2 Flow Evolution using a cavitation device to determine supercritical phase change |
Flow Evolution One of the interdiscipinary subjects we're also focussing on is the evolution of flow. We've had lots of experience with CO2 flow dynamics and other Organic fluids, and want to stress the importance of flow dynamics with a flow battery system.
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Salgenx Liquid Electrode for Electrolysis |
Liquid Electrode Under development is using centrifugal adhesion and flow dynamics to contain catalyst as an alternative to plating solid, porous, or flow-through electrodes. This method is a game changer since little to no electrode manufacturing or preparation is needed. Maintenance free and easy to replace. Coded material can be time referenced for born-on and expiration or replacement date.Almost any catalyst can be used. This is perfect for just-in-time experimentation and battery manufacturing since there is no time lag if preparing electrodes from a supplier.We first used this to make a proof-of-concept to make hydrogen (H2) in water electrolysis. H2 production was actually increased using this process, compared to standard electrode and electrochemistry.
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3D Tank Printing One of the more advanced technologies which can be deployed for local electrolyte liquid tank storage is using concrete 3D printing.There are several advantages of using 3D concrete printing technology for making liquid tank storage. Some of these advantages are:Customizability: 3D concrete printing allows for greater design flexibility and customization compared to traditional manufacturing methods. This means that liquid tank storage can be designed to fit specific project requirements and site conditions, resulting in a better fit and potentially reducing construction time and costs. |
| CONTACT TEL: +1 608-238-6001 (Chicago Time Zone) Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP | PDF | IG | A Division of Infinity Turbine |
