Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley

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Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley ( silicon-induced-mitigation-nacl-stress-barley )

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Plants 2022, 11, 2379 3 of 18 Table 1. Morphological attributes of barley genotypes modulated by rooting application of silicon under salinity stress. Genotype B-10008 B-14011 Treatment Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si Shoot Length (cm) 68.53 ± 3.72 b 81.40 ± 1.51 a 50.14 ± 1.59 d 63.71 ± 1.32 c 51.14 ± 0.67 d 61.12 ± 1.83 c 20.31 ± 0.99 f Root Length (cm) 52.04 ± 1.46 b 61.13 ± 1.87 a 42.13 ± 2.42 c 53.04 ± 2.07 b 30.21 ± 1.68 d 32.10 ± 3.58 d 13.04 ± 1.20 e Shoot Fresh Weight (g) 124.13 ± 1.65 b 146.80 ± 2.63 a 86.52 ± 2.43 e 105.33 ± 3.10 c 96.04 ± 4.10 d 107.62 ± 2.05 c 25.53 ± 1.26 g Shoot Dry Weight (g) 15.73 ± 0.72 b 19.34 ± 0.54 a 9.74 ± 0.73 d 14.50 ± 1.14 bc 10.71 ± 0.91 d 12.73 ± 0.46 c 2.90 ± 0.40 e Root Fresh Weight (g) 70.90 ± 3.49 ab Root Dry Weight (g) 7.53 ± 0.11 ab 8.34 ± 0.48 a 5.12 ± 0.32 e 6.99 ± 0.25 bc 5.74 ± 0.35 de 6.32 ± 0.22 cd 0.77 ± 0.09 f 77.91 ± 1.85 49.63 ± 1.69 67.62 ± 2.35 53.24 ± 4.71 62.42 ± 2.13 7.73 ± 0.56 d a c b c b 27.33±1.22e 18.02±0.75e 34.03±1.65f 4.29±0.34e 10.35±0.32d Values are means ± SE (n = 4), letters (a–g) represent significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 (Duncan’s multiple range test). Values sharing the same letter within each column are non-significant statistically. 2.2. Total Soluble Proteins (TSP) It has been observed that the presence of NaCl in rhizosphere considerably (p < 0.001) boosted the synthesis of TSP in leaves (22%) and roots (up to 30%) compared to con- trol plants (Table 2). The exogenously applied to Si through rooting media to barley plants increases TSP contents (6–11%) when compared to control plants, while this in- crease was 7–47% under salinity stress. However, B-10008 accumulated higher leaf (17%), while B-14011 accumulated higher root (44%) TSP contents after rooting application of Si (200 ppm) under salinity stress (Table 2). Table 2. Total soluble protein (TSP), total free amino acid (TFAA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (μM f.wt.) contents in leaf and root of barley genotypes modulated by rooting application of silicon under salinity stress. 1.00 ± 0.01 f Genotype B-10008 B-14011 Genotype B-10008 B-14011 Treatments Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si Treatments Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si Control 200 ppm Si 200 mM NaCl 200 mM NaCl + 200 ppm Si TSP (mg g−1 f.wt.) 29.03 ± 0.30 e 32.21 ± 0.75 c 35.53 ± 0.98 b 41.62 ± 1.06 a 24.24 ± 0.32 g 26.90 ± 0.78 f 29.62 ± 1.38 de 31.34 ± 0.30 cd TSP 11.04 ± 0.30 c 11.72 ± 0.41 bc 14.91 ± 0.77 a 16.03 ± 0.63 a 6.73 ± 0.38 e 7.35 ± 0.57 e 8.82 ± 0.34 d 12.74 ± 0.67 b TFAA (mg g−1 f.wt.) 7.56 ± 0.41 c 7.69 ± 0.08 c 8.96 ± 0.33 b 8.43 ± 0.40 b 6.07 ± 0.22 d 6.19 ± 0.07 d 10.50 ± 0.15 a 9.04 ± 0.10 b TFAA 1.20 ± 0.06 d 1.25 ± 0.07 d 1.48 ± 0.13 bc 1.38 ± 0.08 cd 0.93 ± 0.04 e 0.88 ± 0.07 e 1.88 ± 0.05 a 1.59 ± 0.06 b Leaf H2 O2 (μmol g−1 f.wt.) 0.22 ± 0.017 f 0.26 ± 0.006 e 0.59 ± 0.028 c 0.38 ± 0.007 d 0.19 ± 0.005 f 0.24 ± 0.018 ef 0.91 ± 0.028 a 0.77 ± 0.029 b Root H2 O2 0.18 ± 0.020 de 0.19 ± 0.007 de 0.45 ± 0.028 a 0.35 ± 0.029 b 0.26 ± 0.041 c 0.15 ± 0.013 e 0.41 ± 0.013 a 0.24 ± 0.022 cd MDA (nmol g−1 f.wt.) 29.04 ± 0.64 c 28.52 ± 0.76 c 33.01 ± 0.77 b 19.63 ± 1.18 d 33.80 ± 1.79 b 27.04 ± 1.39 c 43.61 ± 0.63 a 35.43 ± 2.11 b MDA 11.70 ± 1.01 bc 10.80 ± 0.97 cd 13.75 ± 1.09 ab 8.66 ± 0.54 de 8.58 ± 0.58 de 7.99 ± 1.00 e 14.36 ± 1.65 a 7.84 ± 0.49 e Proline (μM f.wt.) 3.92 ± 0.52 f 4.04 ± 0.71 f 35.72 ± 3.08 c 25.55 ± 1.19 d 14.76 ± 1.10 e 16.77 ± 3.41 e 178.09 ± 3.10 a 143.44 ± 2.11 b Proline 2.15 ± 0.13 d 3.01 ± 0.24 d 9.45 ± 0.36 b 6.65 ± 0.91 bc 3.15 ± 0.16 d 3.85 ± 0.26 cd 18.12 ± 3.19 a 15.43 ± 1.52 a Values are means ± SE (n = 4), letters (a–e) represent significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 (Duncan’s multiple range test). Values sharing same letter within each column are non-significant statistically.

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