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Batteries 2022, 8, 173 9 of 11 HFP/LATP| LiFePO4 batteries were tested by the Battery Automation Test System (BAT- 750B, Acu Tech, Taipei, Taiwan) in the range of 2.5–3.8 V at 0.1 C and 0.2 C. 4. Conclusions LATP decreased as the PVDF-HFP- In summary, a hybrid solid polymer/ceramics electrolyte, based on PVDF-HFP, LATP and LiTFSI, was fabricated and used in LiFePO4/solid electrolyte/Li cells which ex- hibited good and stable electrochemical performance. The crystallization of content of LiTFSI increased and this improved the lithium-ion mo- bility and contact between solid electrolyte and lithium metal electrode. The cell based on References LiFePO4 cathode/LiTFSI-60% solid electrolyte/Li metal anode showed a capacity of 98.8 mA h g−1 with stable discharge capacity in the range of 95–104 mA h g−1 with 95–100% coulombic efficiency after 50 cycles. Author Contributions: D.M., Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Writ- ing-original draft preparation; S.-Y.C., Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis; I.-M.H., Con- ceptualization, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing-review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science and Technology Council in Taiwan through grant numbers: MOST 109-2221-E-155-013 and MOST 110-2623-E-155- 011. Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 1. Al Shaqsi, A.Z.; Sopian, K.; Al-Hinai, A. Review of energy storage services, applications, limitations, and benefits. Energy Rep. 2020, 6, 288–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.07.028. 2. Divya, M.L.; Praneetha, S.; Lee, Y.-S.; Aravindan, V. Next-generation Li-ion capacitor with high energy and high power by limiting alloying-intercalation process using SnO2@Graphite composite as battery type electrode. Compos. Part B Eng. 2022, 230, 109487–109493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109487. 3. Gür, T.M. Review of electrical energy storage technologies, materials and systems: Challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 2696–2767. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01419A. 4. Zhu, C.; Han, K.; Geng, D.; Ye, H.; Meng, X. Achieving High-Performance Silicon Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries via Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposited Surface Coatings: An Overview. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 251, 710–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.036. 5. Divakaran, A.M.; Minakshi, M.; Bahri, P.A.; Paul, S.; Kumari, P.; Divakaran, A.M.; Manjunatha, K.N. Rational design on materials for developing next generation lithium-ion secondary battery. Prog. Solid State Chem. 2021, 62, 100298–100325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2020.100298. 6. Tsai, S.H.; Tsou, Y.L.; Yang, C.W.; Chen, T.Y.; Lee, C.Y. Applications of different nano-sized conductive materials in high energy density pouch type lithium ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 362, 137166–137174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137166. 7. Wang, W.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Huang, W.; Lv, L.; Zhu, G.; Qu, Q.; Liang, Y.; Zheng, W.; Zheng, H. A novel covalently grafted binder through in-situ polymerization for high-performance Si-based lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 2021, 400, 139442– 139451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139442. 8. Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. A novel non-experiment-based reconstruction method for the relationship between open-circuit-voltage and state-of-charge/state-of-energy of lithium-ion battery. Electrochim. Acta 2022, 403, 139637–139656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139637. 9. Fang, H. Challenges with the Ultimate Energy Density with Li-ion Batteries. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2021, 781, 42023– 42029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/781/4/042023. 10. Eshetu, G.G.; Zhang, H.; Judez, X.; Adenusi, H.; Armand, M.; Passerini, S.; Figgemeier, E. Production of high-energy Li-ion batteries comprising silicon-containing anodes and insertion-type cathodes. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 5459–5473. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25334-8. 11. Kwon, S.J.; Lee, S.E.; Lim, J.H.; Choi, J.; Kim, J. Performance and Life Degradation Characteristics Analysis of NCM LIB for BESS. Electronics 2018, 7, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120406. 12. Greim, P.; Solomon, A.A.; Breyer, C. Assessment of lithium criticality in the global energy transition and addressing policy gaps in transportation. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 4570–4581. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18402-y.PDF Image | Lithium Salt Concentration on Materials
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)