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Batteries 2022, 8, 157 11 of 26 of polymer electrolyte exhibited a high conductivity of 0.256 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. As the solid‐ state electrolyte for Na metal anodes, they found that the Na||Na symmetric battery pre‐ sented the cycling performance of 5150 and 3550 h at 0.1 and 0.5 mA cm−2, respectively. Wang et al. prepared a single ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte (PSP‐GPE) for NMBs, which presented an excellent ionic conductivity of 0.1 mS cm−1 and a high Na‐ion trans‐ ference number of 0.88 at room temperature (RT), which was close to the NaClO4‐based liquid electrolyte [97]. When the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode was coupled with PSP‐GPE, the full battery exhibited an improvement in cycling performance and the Na dendrites could be effectively restrained. Sangeland et al. utilized poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) as a host material for NMB’s electrolyte and used NaFSI as the Na salt to obtain the polymer electrolyte (PTMC‐NaFSI) [98]. Through the optimization of the Na salt concentration, they found that the carbonate: Na+ ratio of 1:1 in polymer electrolyte presented the highest ionic conductivity of 50 μS cm−1 at 25 °C, and the carbonate: Na+ ratio of 5:1 exhibited a more stable capacity of about 90 mAh g−1 over 80 cycles at 60 °C in the Na metal full battery with a Prussian blue cathode. Wen et al. reported an ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri‐ acrylate‐based polymer electrolyte (ETPTA‐NaClO4‐QSSE) using photopolymerization for NMBs [99]. Figure 4b shows the optical images of ETPTA‐NaClO4‐QSSE before and after UV curing and found the the ETPTA‐NaClO4‐QSSE would be solidified after UV curing. From the ionic conductivity of ETPTA‐NaClO4‐QSSE during varying temperature in Figure 4c, the ionic conductivity 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.8 mS cm−1 could be re‐ ceived at ‐10, 0, 15, 25, 40, 60, and 80 °C, respectively. These results indicated that ETPTA‐ NaClO4‐QSSE presented excellent temperature adaptability. As the polymer electrolyte in NMBs, the Na||Na symmetrical battery presented very low overpotential of about 70 mV and retained an ultra‐stable cycling performance for 1000 h (Figure 4d). Zhang et al. uti‐ lized a Cu‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) to support the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with NaClO4 under UV curing as polymer electrolyte (PEO‐Cu‐MOF) [100]. After solidification, the Cu‐based MOF was uniformly dispersed into the PEO matrix. Owing to the high specific surface areas and ordered porous structures of Cu‐based MOF, the PEO‐ Cu‐MOF polymer electrolyte exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 3.48 mS cm−1. Figure 4e shows the cycling performance of the Na||Na symmetrical battery with the PEO‐Cu‐ MOF polymer electrolyte at different current densities and capacities. A very stable po‐ larization voltage also could be observed, indicating the excellent interfacial stability be‐ tween the electrolyte and electrode.PDF Image | Electrolyte Engineering for Sodium Metal Batteries
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)