PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
Batteries 2022, 8, 157 9 of 26 Figure 3. (a) Cycling performance. Voltage profiles of the Na||NVP battery tested at 2 C after dif‐ ferent cycle numbers using HCE +1%SbF3, HCE, and blank electrolyte, the inset is the formation mechanism illustration of a typical SEI layer on the Na metal anode using HCE + 1% SbF3 electro‐ lytes. Reproduced with permission from Reference [72] Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (b) Two‐dimen‐ sional free energy surface for the ion‐pair distance and coordination number between Na and DME of NaBPh4/DME solution, reproduced with permission from Reference [80] Copyright 2019, Wiley−VCH. (c) Schematics of the typical mosaic SEI on the Na metal anode cycled in regular car‐ bonate electrolyte and the in situ formed Na‐Sn alloy layer plus a NaCl‐rich SEI layer. Reproduced with permission from Reference [74] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. From the aforementioned discussion, we also summarized the important parameters, including electrolyte constituents, cycling stability, and full battery performance of liquid electrolyte recently reported NMBs in Table 1. Table 1. Electrochemical properties of different liquid electrolytes in NMBs. Liquid Electrolytes 1 M NaPF6 in diglyme NaFSI/DME (1:2 v/v) 0.5 M NaBF4/G2 1 M NaBF4/TEGDME 1 M NaPF6/TEGDME 1 M NaFSI/FEC 0.1 M NaBPh4/DME 1 M NaClO4/EC/PC + 5 wt% FEC 1M NaPF6/DME/FEC/HFPM (2:2:1 v/v) Symmetrical Cell (Cycle Per‐ formance (h)@Current Den‐ sity (mA cm−2)) / 200@0.2 3000@0.5 1000h@0.2 1000@0.2 100@5.56 500@0.5 100@1 800@0.5 CE ([CE@Cycle Num‐ ber@Current Density (mA cm−2)) 99.9%@300@0.5 97.7%@250@0.2 99.93%@400@0.5 99.9%@1000@0.5 99.9%@850@0.5 94%@100@0.28 99.85%@300@0.5 88%@50@1 99%@2000@5 Full Cell (Cathode@Capacity (mAh g−1)@Current Density (C)) References S@776@0.1 [62] 91% [81] 100 cycles Na3V2(PO4)3@100@0.1 [82] P2‐Na2/3Co1/3Mn2/3O2@163@0.1 [83] P2‐Na2/3Co1/3Mn2/3O2@172@0.1 [83] / [70] / [80] / [84] Na3V2(PO4)3@89.1@0.5 [77]PDF Image | Electrolyte Engineering for Sodium Metal Batteries
PDF Search Title:
Electrolyte Engineering for Sodium Metal BatteriesOriginal File Name Searched:
batteries-08-00157.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)