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Nanomaterials 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 14 Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1859 11 of 13 dried in the vacuum at 90 °C for 48 h prior the experiment. During the FDM process, the ◦ storage tank temperature was set to 90 °C and the temperature of the printing head to 70 storage tank temperature was set to 90 C and the temperature of the printing head to ◦ °C as the rheology profile at this temperature was fitting in the printing window. In Figure 70 C as the rheology profile at this temperature was fitting in the printing window. In 11a the 3D printing attempt of PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) is shown, the sample Figure 11a the 3D printing attempt of PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) is shown, the had spread on the surface and could not sustain its shape. PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li sample had spread on the surface and could not sustain its shape. PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI 5(:E1O) m:Lix5e:d1)wmitihxe1d5%wiNthP1-I5L%(4N)Pw–IaLs (34D) wpraisnt3eDd purnindteerdsaumndeecrosnadmiteiocnosnadnitdiownsasanpdhowtoa-s gprhaopthoegdra(Fpihgeudre(F1i1gbu)r.eC1o1mb)p. oCsoitme 4posshiotew4edshiomwperdovimedpprorivnetdabpilritnytabnidlitmy eacnhdanmiceaclhparnoicpa-l eprrtioeps,erwtihees,rewshixerleayseixrslaoyf erxstroufdeexdtrpuodleydmperolwymererswtaecrkedstatockfeodrmtothfoergmridthsehgarpied ssthaabplee usptatbole1uhpbteofo1rehwbeaftoereabwsaotreprtiaobnso(prpretisounm(apbrleysubmyathbelyhbyygrtohsecohpyigcrLoisTcFoSpIicinLitThFeSeIleicntrtoh-e leyltec)tcraoulysted) cnaoutisceedabnloetsictreuacbtluersatlruchctaunrgaelscahsanpgrienstiansgpwriansticnagrrwieadsocuartraietdamoubtieanttalmabboirean-t tloarbyo-craotnodryit-icoonnsd.itions. (a) (b) FFiigguurree11.. 3D3Dpprirnintitninggaattetemmpptstsooff((aa))PEG 1500 UPy2//LLiTiTFFSISI(E(EOO:L:Lii55:1:1)()1(1););(b(b))PPEEG1155000 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL (4). UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP–IL (4). 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions We here have demonstrated the preparation of self-healing polymer composite elec- We here have demonstrated the preparation of self-healing polymer composite elec- trolytes (consisting of modified PEG, LiTFSI and nanofillers) applicable for of 3D printing trolytes (consisting of modified PEG, LiTFSI and nanofillers) applicable for of 3D printing process via fused deposition modeling. PEG was successfully end group modified via UPy process via fused deposition modeling. PEG was successfully end group modified via and barbiturate moieties for introducing hydrogen bonds, providing self-healing ability UPy and barbiturate moieties for introducing hydrogen bonds, providing self-healing to the material. Silica nanoparticles were used as a filler for further improvement of the ability to the material. Silica nanoparticles were used as a filler for further improvement mechanical properties of the electrolyte. The NPs were surface modified with ionic liquid of the mechanical properties of the electrolyte. The NPs were surface modified with ionic groups and short alkyl chains to control the interactions between the surfaces and the liquid groups and short alkyl chains to control the interactions between the surfaces and polymer in the compositions, thus adapting dispersivity and rheology of the composites. the polymer in the compositions, thus adapting dispersivity and rheology of the compo- Samples with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = 5, 10, 20) sites. Samples with different content of NPs (5%, 10%, 15%) and LiTFSI salt (EO/Li+ = were analyzed via rheology for better understanding of 3D printability and via BDS for 5,10,20) were analyzed via rheology for better understanding of 3D printability and via checking their conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI (EO:Li 5:1) BDS for checking their conductivity. The composite electrolyte PEG 1500 UPy2/LiTFSI mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed into a grid shape, useful for further (EO:Li 5:1) mixed with 15% NP-IL was successfully 3D printed into a grid shape, useful applications in multilayered structures and components. Moreover, the printing process for further applications in multilayered structures and components. Moreover, the print- did not have significant influence on the conductivity of the printed electrolyte. ing process did not have significant influence on the conductivity of the printed electro- lyte. Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nano12111859/s1, Figure S1: 1H NMR of PEG 1500 UPY2 Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: in CDCl3, Figure S2: 1H NMR of PEG 8000 B2 in CDCl3, Figure S3: 1H and 13C NMR N-[3- www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1, Figure S1: 1H NMR of PEG 1500 UPY2 in CDCl3, Figure S2: 1H NMR of PEG (trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride, Figure S4: Rheology measurement of 8000 B2 in CDCl3, Figure S3: 1H and 13C NMR N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N-methylpyrrolidinium Viscosity vs. shear rate for PEG 1500 UPy2 mixed with NP-OH (5%, 10%, 15%) 60–80 ◦C, Figure S5: chloride, Figure S4: Rheology measurement of Viscosity vs. shear rate for PEG 1500 UPy2 mixed Rheology measurement of Viscosity vs. shear rate for PEG 1500 UPy2 mixed with NP-IL (5%, 10%, with NP-OH (5%, 10%, 15%) 60–80 °C, Figure S5: Rheology measurement of Viscosity vs. shear rate 15%) 50–70 ◦C, Figure S6: TEM image of NP-IL, Figure S7: DLS size distribution of NP-alk, Figure S8: for PEG 1500 UPy2 mixed with NP-IL (5%, 10%, 15%) 50–70 °C, Figure S6: TEM image of NP-IL, 1HNMRofNP-ILinDMSO-d,FigureS9:29SiMAS1NMRspectraofNP-IL,FigureS10.Freque2n9cy 6 Figure S7: DLS size distribution of NP-alk, Figure S8: H NMR of NP-IL in DMSO-d6, Figure S9: Si dependent ionic conductivity of (a) PEG 1500 UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-IL (4) MAS NMR spectra of NP-IL, Figure S10. Frequency dependent ionic conductivity of (a) PEG 1500 before and after FDM; (b) PEG 1500 UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-OH (7) before UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-IL (4) before and after FDM; (b) PEG 1500 and after FDM, Figure S11. (a) PEG 1500 UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-OH (7); UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-OH (7) before and after FDM, Figure S11. (a) PEG (b) cut sample; (c) Reconnected sample; (d) (e) (f) Stretch test after self-healing at 30 ◦C (in the vacuum) 1500 UPy/LiTFSI (EO/Li 5:1) mixed with 15 wt% NP-OH (7); (b) cut sample; (c) Reconnected sample; (fdo)r(1e2) (hf). Stretch test after self-healing at 30 °C (in the vacuum) for 12 h. 2PDF Image | 3D Printable Composite Polymer Electrolytes
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Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)