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2. State of the art The NaNiCl2 technology has been introduced into the market over the last decade for electric vehicles (EV), mainly for public transport. Currently a wider range of products is available for stationary backup, railway backup, electric vehicles and on-grid/off-grid energy storage applications. The single battery size ranges from 4 to 25 kWh suitable for a wide range of applications with energy storage capacities from a few kilowatt-hours to several megawatt-hour installations. Due totheceramicelectrolytethebatteryhasnoelectrochemicalself-discharge. Dependent on operation conditions, the thermal loss is balanced by the internal electrical loss that is converted to heat so that the overall efficiency is in the range of 80-95%. In contrast to other types of high temperature batteries, NaNiCl2 batteries have inherent overcharge capabilities and lower operation temperatures. Also, unlike other batteries, they may have a flexible power-to-energy ratio and can be cooled to ambient temperatures without component damage. Sodium Nickel Chloride are high temperature batteries which guarantee high performances and durability regardless of the ambient temperature. During operation, even if the outside ambient temperature varies greatly, the internal temperature of the battery module will remain within the operative temperature range and will not affect its capacity and lifetime. Both discharge and charge operations are regardless of outside temperature even during the most harsh thermal conditions. Since 1999, NaNiCl2 batteries have been manufactured in Europe and in US. Many projects are already in operation all over the world (USA, South America, Europe, South Korea). 3. Future developments After only 15 years in use, there remains a very extensive potential for NaNiCl2 battery technology improvements. On laboratory scale specific power is being improved by using advanced additives to the positive active materials and by lowering the resistance of the solid ceramics electrolyte. Further cost reductions are being realised through automation and process improvements on top of the increase of production volume. Life cycle will be increased through design enhancements such as new glass materials which are more corrosion resistant. Complete turnkey energy storage systems with a power rate up to the MW size and 2 to 6 hours energy are being already installed. NaNiCl2 technology is well-suitable for specific solutions in on-grid and off-grid applications. 4. Relevance in Europe This technology, manufactured firstly in the EU than also in US, can be considered as an alternative to Na/S batteries that are only manufactured in Japan. It was first introduced in the market for automotive applications, and now days this technology is covering multiple application as stationary energy storage, smart grid (on-grid and off-grid), renewables, backup, UPS for data-center applications, electric vehicles. 5. Applications Due to their high scalability and flexibility in assembling different battery and system sizes, NaNiCl batteries are used in a wide variety of applications: 2 Residential and commercial buildings: time shifting, maximisation of self-consumption of locally produced PV energy, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power boost to reduce the contract tariff Distribution grids: peak shaving, smoothing & energy time shifting for renewable generation, support of smart grids management. Investment deferral Renewables generation optimization Transmission grids: energy time shifting, grid frequency regulation Micro-grid on-grid & off-grid applications 6. Sources of information EASE members FIAMM ENEA Consulting ISEA RWTH Aachen Energy Storage Technology Descriptions - EASE - European Associaton for Storage of Energy Avenue Lacombé 59/8 - BE-1030 Brussels - tel: +32 02.743.29.82 - @EASE_ES - info@ease-storage.eu - www.ease-storage.euPDF Image | Sodium-nickel-chLoride Battery
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)