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Batteries 2022, 8, 173 6 of 11 Figure 5. Linear sweep voltammetry curves of hybrid electrolyte with different contents of LiTFSI at room temperature with scan rate 10 mVs−1. Figure 6 shows the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) results and the equivalent circuit for the electrolyte membranes with various LiTFSI contents based on Li-Li symmetric cells. In the Nyquist plots, the impedance spectra are comprised of one semicircle and one inclined line. The Rb is the electrolyte’s resistance value and Rinf is the interface impedance between the electrolyte and the electrodes (containing charge trans- fer and electrode resistance). The interface impedance with the electrolyte, CPE is the elec- tric double layer capacitor, W is the Warburg impedance of the diffusion reaction. The Rb, Rinf, and the total resistance (Rtotal) of the electrolyte membrane test results were deter- mined by software using the equivalent circuit, and the ionic conductivity was calculated by using Equation (1) [37] and the results are listed in Table 2. σ=L/(Rb ×S) (6) where, σ (S cm−1) is the ionic conductivity, L (cm) is the thickness, S (cm2) is the surface area of the electrolyte membrane and Rb (Ω) is the bulk resistance. The electrolyte resistance Rb and interface resistance (Rinf) apparently decreased from 342.2 Ω to 59.5 Ω and 805.3 Ω to 175.5 Ω, respectively, as the LiTFSI content increased from 40% to 60%. The LiTFSI-60% exhibited a maximum ionic conductivity of 2.14 × 10−4 S cm−1, which was 1.86 times that of the LiTFSI-40%. This result indicated that the LiTFSI lithium salt improved the lithium-ion mobility in PVDH-HFP polymer due to the lower crystallinity of PVDH-HFP polymer and higher concentration of lithium-ions as the LiTFSI content increased. In addition, the interface resistance between the solid electrolyte membrane and lithium metal electrode decreased, due to a softer interfacial contact as the content of LiTFSI increased. As the content of LiTFSI increased to 70%, the Rb was 34.8 Ω, which was lower than that of the LiTFSI-60% (59.5 Ω). However, Rinf of the LiTFSI-70% was 285.3 Ω, which was apparently higher than that of the LiTFSI-60% (175.5 Ω), due the micro-crack of the LiTFSI-70% which was observed in the SEM micrograph (Figure 2d).PDF Image | Lithium Salt Concentration on Materials
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)