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3 Test Results and Discussion This section highlights some of the high-level findings and suggested areas for further study as identified by the immersion testing of the seven battery test assets. Given the exploratory nature of these efforts, the pass/fail status of individual batteries is outside the scope of this testing. Moreover, experimental parameters were changes test-to-test to assess issues related to how long to immerse different batteries during the testing, so battery-to-battery comparisons would not be meaningful. That said, several consistent observations and avenues for further study become apparent across all of the batteries tested. 3.1 Data Collection for Battery Immersion As discussed above, one of the major focus areas for these efforts was to obtain information, images, and videos of different batteries during immersion. Many stakeholders have very little actual information or experience regarding what happens to Li-ion batteries during immersion and incineration, thus images and information is of high value to a range of stakeholders. To these ends, these efforts document the immersion and observation period behaviors of these batteries through extensive video documentation. Additionally, a wide range of images during and after the experiments were also created to provide insights into the types of damage and degradation experienced during testing. In total, over 450 GB of data were produced for these efforts to better illustrate and educate stakeholders about the behaviors of relatively modern Li- ion battery systems during immersion and incineration. 3.2 Experimental Observations and Discussion 3.2.1 Behaviors During Immersion For all batteries tested, no issues were observed during the actual immersion phase of testing. While in the past, some batteries have exhibited arcing and even underwater fires while in the immersion, no behaviors of this type were observed for any of the batteries tested. The overall process of immersion for the various batteries followed a very similar series of events. Directly after immersion, remaining air in the pack was released as evidenced by large bubbles escaping the pack from various openings and vents. After this initial release of air bubbles has subsided, battery degradation and electrolysis of the batteries was indicated by smaller bubbles rising to the surface in one-or-two primary locations. Figure 18 shows an example image of a battery during immersion with bubbling clearly visible on the surface. Depending on the size of the battery, the primary reactions during immersion appeared to last between roughly 30 minutes and 1 hour, with larger batteries having a longer reaction duration compared to the smaller batteries tested in this work. While informative, these observed durations should be treated as approximate numbers, since it is not particularly easy to identify when reactions have “stopped” since the appearance of a few small bubbles is somewhat difficult to detect. With these observations and behaviors in mind, the 2-hour immersion time highlighted in the earlier relevant procedure discussion is likely a reasonable testing parameter for most immersion testing scenarios, although a shorter immersion time could possibly provide similar results for most batteries except for those that are very large or where water will have difficulty penetrating. Given no adverse reactions were observed during the immersion itself for any of the test objects, a focus on post-immersion behavior in addition to “during immersion” for a given immersion scenario is strongly suggested (similar to the ISO 6469 post-immersion observation period). 19PDF Image | Li-Ion Battery Pack Immersion Exploratory Investigation
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)