Ion Enrichment inside Ultra-Short Carbon Nanotubes

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Ion Enrichment inside Ultra-Short Carbon Nanotubes ( ion-enrichment-inside-ultra-short-carbon-nanotubes )

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Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3528 11 of 13 References Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nano12193528/s1, Figure S1: (a) A photograph of the suspension of the raw 6 nm-wide long multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). (b) A photograph of the suspension of the 20–50 nm-wide raw long MWCNTs. These two kinds of MWCNTs were dispersed in deionized water using ultrasonic treatment and then left standing for 1 h; Figure S2: (a) A high- angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) image of a KCl aggregation blockage inside an MWCNT. (b) A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a crystalline KCl aggregation inside an MWCNT.; Figure S3: K/C mass ratios (black points) of the 16 aggregations inside 16 random ultra-short CNTs and the K/C mass ratios (dashed line) of assumed MWCNTs filled with dilute KCl solution (0.14 mol/L).; Figure S4: Filling length/total length ratios for 18 random long MWCNTs.; Figure S5: Pb/C mass ratios (black points) of the seven aggregations inside seven random ultra-short MWCNTs and the Pb/C mass ratios (dashed line) of assumed MWCNTs filled with dilute PbCl2 solution (0.14 mol/L).; Figure S6: (a) An HAADF-STEM image of a CaCl2 aggregation inside an ultra-short MWCNT. (b) The C, O, Ca and Cl element mappings of the region in the HAADF-STEM image in (a). (c) The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) result of the aggregation in (a). Here, the Mo signal in (c) comes from the Mo grids, which held the CNT.; Table S1: The mass of open nanotubes (Mshort) and raw nanotubes (Mraw). Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.Y. and X.W.; methodology, L.Y.; Y.Q. and X.W.; vali- dation, Z.Y. and Y.Z.; formal analysis, Y.Q.; investigation, Y.Q. and X.W.; resources, L.Y.; writing— original draft preparation, Y.Q.; writing—review and editing, Y.Q., L.Y. and X.W.; visualization, R.L.; supervision, L.Y. and S.G.; funding acquisition, L.Y. and X.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12175302, 12104452, 11675246, 11574339, 11675098 and 11605111) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT-17R71). Data Availability Statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Materials. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 1. Iijima, S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 354, 56. [CrossRef] 2. Dresselhaus, M.S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Avouris, P. Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2001. 3. Yue, C.L.; Sun, H.M.; Liu, W.J.; Guan, B.B.; Deng, X.D.; Zhang, X.; Yang, P. Environmentally benign, rapid, and selective extraction of gold from ores and waste electronic materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 9459–9463. [CrossRef] 4. Yu, W.J.; Liu, C.; Zhang, L.L.; Hou, P.X.; Li, F.; Zhang, B.; Cheng, H.M. Synthesis and electrochemical lithium storage behavior of carbon nanotubes filled with iron sulfide nanoparticles. Adv. Sci. 2016, 3, 1600113. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 5. Su, Q.M.; Du, G.H.; Zhang, J.; Zhong, Y.J.; Xu, B.S.; Yang, Y.H. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of the Electrochemical Lithiation-Delithiation of Individual Co9S8/Co-Filled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 11379–11387. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Cava, C.E.; Possagno, R.; Schnitzler, M.C.; Roman, P.C.; Oliveira, M.M.; Lepiensky, C.M. Iron- and iron oxide-filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Electrical properties and memory devices. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 444, 304–308. [CrossRef] 7. Cao, X.; He, J.; Li, H.; Kang, L.P.; He, X.X.; Sun, J.; Jiang, R.B.; Xu, H.; Lei, Z.B.; Liu, Z.H. CoNi2S4 nanoparticle/carbon nanotube sponge cathode with ultrahigh capacitance for highly compressible asymmetric supercapacitor. Small 2018, 14, 1800998. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 8. Huang, P.; Lethien, C.; Pinaud, S.; Brousse, K.; Laloo, R.; Turq, V.; Respaud, M.; Demortière, A.; Daffos, B.; Taberna, P.L.; et al. On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors. Science 2016, 351, 691. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 9. Mohan, M.K.C.; Shim, S.K.; Lee, J.K.; Jang, N.; Lee, N.; Tawfik, W.Z. Optimized Aluminum Reflector for Enhancement of UVC Cathodoluminescence Based-AlGaN Materials with Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters. Molecules 2021, 26, 4025. [CrossRef] 10. Shim, S.K.; Tawfik, W.Z.; Kumar, C.M.M.; Liu, S.F.; Wang, X.Q.; Lee, N.; Lee, J.K. Nanopatterned sapphire substrate to enhance the efficiency of AlGaN-based UVC light source tube with CNT electron-beam. J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8, 17336–17341. [CrossRef] 11. Tawfik, W.Z.; Kumar, C.M.M.; Park, J.; Shim, S.K.; Lee, H.S.; Lee, J.; Han, J.H.; Ryu, S.W.; Lee, N.; Lee, J.K. Cathodoluminescence of a 2 inch ultraviolet-light-source tube based on the integration of AlGaN materials and carbon nanotube field emitters. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 11540–11548. [CrossRef] 12. Salas-Treviño, D.; Saucedo-Cárdenas, O.; Loera-Arias, M.D.J.; Rodríguez-Rocha, H.; García-García, A.; Montes-de-Oca-Luna, R.; Piña-Mendoza, E.I.; Contreras-Torres, F.F.; García-Rivas, G.; Soto-Domínguez, A. Hyaluronate functionalized multi-wall carbon

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