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18 B. 3. WILSON The great drawback of low cell voltage and operation of cells in a common electrolyte becomes apparent in series configarations. The greater profusion of reaction products (H1,and Mg(OH),) than exp-erienced in conventional batteries prevents practicable cell isolation beyond that offering net battery voltages of 2 to 6 volts. The impulse capabilities of these cells, which arose out of serendipity, offer great potential for low-unit-cost squib-firing batteries with long ready-to-deploy shelf life. Why should the inert-cathode/Mg-anodc system take on any more significance today than previously? Its intrinsic low cell voltage was known then as now, but today there are the increasing cost and strategic criticality of Ag, and the solid-state converter, to recog- nize. The former speaks for itself. The latter has become a highly developed device capable of efficiency of 70 to 90%, adaptation to integrated circuitry, high reliability, and potential for low cost. This last attribute is significant. Without this, the economy gains of the battery would be offset by converter cost. There appears at present to be ne road- blocks to the achievemeni of overall electric sources, i.e., battery plus converter, at power levels below 1 kilowatt, which will have superior combined economy and reliability for ocean-based application. REFERENCES Project Atlantis Report. Col. IV (Confidential), MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Sept. 18, 1959 (ONR Cont, act Nonr-1841 (56)) "Low-Power Energy Sources" (Confidential), Project Trident Tech. Rpt., A-D. Little. Inc., Mar. 1961 (BuShips Contract NObs-81564 5-7001-0307) Shotwell, J.J., et al., "A Magnesium Sea-Water Battery," Eiectrochem. Soc., Oct. 8, 1957 Goldenberg, L., Magnesium Galvanic Cell, U.S. Patent 3,036,141, May 22, 1962 Kirk, R.C., High Power Output Magnesium Primary Battery, U.S. Patent 3,177,099, Apr. 6, 1965 and 3,185,592, May 25, 1965 Marzolf, J.M., "Tunnel Diode Static Inverter," Elec. Eng. 81:112-114 (1962) "Chemical Oceanography," J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow, eds., Vol. 1, New York: Academic, 1965 Robinson, J.L., and King, P.F., "Electrochemical Behavior of the Magnesium Anode," J. Electrochem. Soc. 108:36-41 (196i) Glicksman, R., "Anodic Dissolution of Magnesium Alloys in Aqueous Salt Solutions," J. Electrochem. Soc. 106:83-88 (1959) I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Straumanis, M.E., and Bhatia, B.K., "Disintegration of Magnesium While Dissolving Anodically in Neutral and Acidic Solutions," J. Electrochem. Soc. 110:357-360 (1963) Faletti, D.W., and Nelson, L.F., "A" ih-vstigation of Clogging in High-Drain, Water- Activated Magnesium-Silver Chloride Batteries," Electrochem. Technol. 3:98-108 (1965) White, J.C., and Schuldiner, S., "Reduction of the Hydrogen Overvoltage of Nickel Electrodes with Palladium," NRL Report 5454, May 1960PDF Image | INERT-CATHODE SEA-WATER BATTERY
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)