PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 072
3.3 Results and discussion The basic structure and components of the solar seawater battery cell are schematically depicted in Figure 39. A photograph of the solar seawater battery tester is shown in Figure 40. First, we designed and optimized the solar seawater battery tester. The whole part of the tester was made polypropylene material to prevent rust from forming when exposed to corrosive seawater, and the tester was designed to be transparent to maximize sunlight utilization. Also, stirring was carried out at 600 rpm in order to supply the reaction site (on the photoelectrode) with sufficient amounts of reactant (water and oxygen), and the inside was made round to smooth the flow of the seawater catholyte. The seawater coin-cell was assembled into the cell tester by turning, and the photoelectrode was laid horizontally in the middle of the tester so that it could absorb sufficient amounts of sunlight. As a photoelectrode for the photoelectrochemical cell, we used anatase-TNTs because of their excellent chemical stability and strong surface catalytic activity. In particular, the TNTs were prepared on titanium (Ti) mesh, which can serve as a precursor for TNTs directly and form three-dimensional (3D) vertical nanostructures. Moreover, the unique open area of the Ti mesh benefits the flow of electrolyte and the mesh structure provides extra lateral surfaces and flexibility (inset of Figure 42 (a)). Figure 42 (a) shows an SEM image of the photoanode composed of 3D vertical TNTs on Ti mesh. We controlled the morphology of TNTs for the hierarchical top-nanopore/bottom-nanotube structures by optimizing the parameters during the two-step anodization process, as shown in Figure 42 (b). The hierarchical TNTs allowed for enhanced photoelectrochemical performances because of the high specific surface areas in contact with the electrolyte, the high light harvesting efficiency made possible by superior light scattering, and the high electron mobility provided through one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures.131 Cross-sectional SEM (Figure 42 (c)) and EDX (Figure 42 (d)) views of the anodized Ti wire clearly demonstrate that TiO2 grew radially in an outward direction around the wire uniformly. Meanwhile, zoomed-in SEM and EDX images (see insets of Figure 42 (c) and (d)) of the TNTs/Ti wire show that that the TiO2 formed highly ordered tubular structures with lengths of ~800 nm. The XRD profile of the TNTs/Ti mesh is presented in Figure 41 (a). We observed the main diffraction peak of the (101) plane at 2Ɵ = 25.4°, which was indicative of the highly crystalline anatase phase of TiO2. The surface chemical bonding of TNTs was characterized by XPS (Figure 41 (b)). The high-resolution spectrum of the Ti 2p core level presented a typical Ti4+ valence state in TiO2 with 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 peaks centered at 458.7 eV and 464.3 eV, respectively. 67PDF Image | China solar seawater battery
PDF Search Title:
China solar seawater batteryOriginal File Name Searched:
solar-seawater.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)