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precipitation method and accompanied by the changes in the chemical composition. In the case of porous carbon, the grapefruit shell was dried at 100 °C and carbonized at 800 °C. The detailed fabrication process of the CMO and porous carbon particles can be found in previous reports 34, 78. Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) cathode current collector particles were synthesized by a one-step co-precipitation reaction. First, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O was dissolved in deionized (DI) water (solution A); then, NaFe(CN)6 was dissolved in DI water (solution B). Solution A was dropped onto solution B using a syringe and two solutions were mixed. Finally, the mixture was dried in a convection oven at 80 °C 77. The catalyst slurries and NiHCF nanoparticles were prepared by mixing the nanoparticles, conducting agent (Super-P, TIMCAL), and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Sigma Aldrich) binder with a weight ratio of 80:10:10 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma Aldrich) with a THINKY MIXER (AR-100). As-prepared catalyst slurries were uniformly coated on heated carbon felts (HCF) and then dried in a convection oven at 80 °C. The loading amount of each catalyst was 4 mg cm-2. A flow-cell tester was prepared to test the seawater coin-cell; the cathode part was in contact with the seawater and the anode part was blocked by seawater. Polycarbonate was used as the flow-cell tester material to prevent corrosion in seawater. A 16-mm carbon felt air-electrode material was used as a current collector and titanium spring as a cathode conducting wire. The method of assembling the coin cell into the flow-cell tester is as follows. First, the assembled coin cell was placed between the cell top and bottom and then assembled by turning. Second, the coin- cell anode compartment was combined with the seawater container, which is filled with 200 ml of seawater. Using this flow-cell tester, we studied various factors affecting the electrochemical performance of coin-type seawater batteries. 2.2.4 Electrochemical tests A flow-cell tester (4TOONE Energy Co., Ltd) was used in these experiments. Galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements were conducted for all the batteries using a Wonatech (WBCS 3000) electrochemical instrument. Natural seawater from Ilsan beach, Ulsan, Republic of Korea (GPS 35.497005, 129.430996) was used after filtration and the ionic species and relative concentrations can be found elsewhere (Table 3). Most of the first charge and discharge characteristics of the cells were tested at 0.025 mAcm-2 for 5 h or 10 h; other charge and discharge curves of the cells were measured at various current densities ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 mAcm-2. All the electrochemical measurements were performed at room temperature. 38PDF Image | China solar seawater battery
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)