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method. .................................................................................................................................................42 Figure 25. Three types of seawater coin-cell crimper. (a) Ver.1; mold and manual press type. (b) Ver.2; up and down auto press machine. (c) Ver.3; side roller method of auto crimper. ................................. 43 Figure 26. Development of flow type tester. (a) Ver.1; bolt and nut type Jig. (b) Ver.2; screw type Jig. (c) Ver.3; static type tester. (d) Ver.4; Flow type tester.......................................................................... 44 Figure 27. (a) Comparison of the contact angle of water on the pristine carbon felt (PCF) and heated carbon felt (HCF) and their photographs (inset), (b) galvanostatic charge-discharge voltage profiles of the cells using PCF and HCF, measured at 0.025 mA cm-2 for 5 h at each step, and (c, d) XPS O 1s spectra of PCF and HCF. The insets in Figure 27 (c) and (d) show SBET..............................................46 Figure 28. (a) Charge-discharge voltage profiles of the cell measured at a current rate of 0.025 mA cm- 2 under the flow ON and OFF states, (b) discharge voltage profile of the cell measured at 0.1 mA cm-2 and the DO content in seawater catholyte under the flow ON/OFF states, and (c) cycling performance of the cell measured at 0.025 mA cm-2 for 5 h at each step under the flow ON/OFF states. ................ 49 Figure 29. Flowing effect of the seawater catholyte on the charge-discharge voltage profiles of a seawater battery using a HCF current collector. The flow rate was varied by adjusting the analogue knob from 0 to 5 and the applied current density was 0.05 mA cm-2............................................................. 50 Figure 30. (a) Galvanostatic charge-discharge voltage profiles of the cell using the HCF cathode current collector at current densities of 0.005-0.05 mAcm-2 for 5 h, (b) charge-discharge curves of the cell employing HCF and NiHCF at 0.005 mAcm-2 for 5 h, and (c) cycle performance of the cell using HCF. .............................................................................................................................................................. 52 Figure 31. (a) SEM images of the bare HCF, Vulcan-coated HCF, and Pt/C-coated HCF, (b) charge/discharge curves of the cells using HCF, Vulcan-coated HCF, and Pt/C-coated HCF at 0.025 mAcm-2 for 10 h at each step during three cycles, and (c) cycle performance of the cells with different electrocatalysts at 0.025 mAcm-2 for 10 h at each step.........................................................................54 Figure 32. Comparison chart showing the charge and discharge voltages and their ΔV of the five cells with different current collectors............................................................................................................55 Figure 33. Polarization curves of the cells with various current collectors, measured at a scan rate of 0.05 mVs-1. The resulting internal resistance was estimated from the slope of the I-V data and summarized in Table 3. ......................................................................................................................... 56 Figure 34. Energy diagram and schematic illustration of the photo-charging process. ....................... 61 Figure 35. Candidates for solar seawater battery photo-anodes and energy diagram for theoretically needed photocharging potential compared with Heat treatment Carbon felt (HCF) as a cathode current collector................................................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 36. Synthesis and fabrication process of NASICON membrane. ............................................. 63 Figure 37. XRD patterns of the synthesized NASICON pellet............................................................64 5PDF Image | China solar seawater battery
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Product and Development Focus for Salgenx
Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our flow battery manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)