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Lithium Battery Safety Procedures


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Lithium Battery Safety Procedures
The purpose of this document is to describe the procedures implemented aboard the R/V F. G. Walton Smith to ensure the safe handling of lithium‐metal and lithium‐ion batteries and mitigate their inherent risk of fire and explosion. It is intended to be comprehensive and cover everything from Cruise‐Planning information gathering to spent battery disposal, firefighting, and first aid. It was developed in response to UNOLS Research Vessel Safety Standards mandate for such a document, described in the Lithium Battery Handling and Storage section of Chapter 9.
BACKGROUND
Lithium‐ion batteries have become ubiquitous. They are found in many small electronic devices, such as cell phones, iPads, laptop computers, etc. However, not all lithium batteries in small electronics are lithium‐ion batteries. Cameras often have small lithium‐metal batteries in them. Lithium‐metal batteries are also used extensively in oceanographic research equipment. Their relatively long life makes them ideal for use in equipment deployed for extended periods.
Lithium batteries are affordable, lightweight, and pack a high density of energy. However, they also present unique fire and explosion hazards. Precisely because of their high energy density, cells are quick to overheat in the presence of an electric short circuit, physical damage, overcharging, or other circumstances outside their designed tolerance. This cell overheating can start a chain reaction, with the heat emanating from one cell causing the adjacent cell to also overheat. This process leads to venting or explosion, spilling electrolyte or spewing molten lithium.
From a fire‐fighting perspective, lithium batteries can be classified into two distinct, mutually exclusive categories:
 Those that can safely be extinguished with water and water based products, and
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