First Responders Guide to Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Incidents

Page | 007

6 Bibliography
The following documents are discussed in this guide:
[B1] [B2] [B3] [B4] [B5] [B6] [B7] [B8] [B9]
[B10] [B11]
[B12]
[B13] [B14]
DNV-GL, Considerations for ESS Fire Safety, Report for Consolidated Edison and NYSERDA, 2017 International Fire Code (IFC), 2021, International Code Council, Inc.
NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2021
NFPA 68, Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting, 2018
NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, 2019
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2023
NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2021
NFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, 2023 NFPA 1660, Standard for Emergency, Continuity, and Crisis Management: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, 2024
NFPA Energy Storage Systems Safety Fact Sheet, available from the NFPA website
Quant, M., Willstrand, O., Mallin, T., Hynynen, J., Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Fire-Extinguishing Water from Large-Scale Battery and Battery Electric Vehicle Fire Tests. Environ. Sci. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08581
UL 1973 Ed. 3, ANSI/CAN/UL Batteries for Use in Stationary and Motive Auxiliary Power Applications, 2022
UL 9540 Ed. 2, Energy Storage Systems and Equipment, 2020
UL 9540A Ed. 4, ANSI/CAN/UL Standard for Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, 2019
7 July 2023