PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
batteries Review Review of the Research Status of Cost-Effective Zinc–Iron Redox Flow Batteries Huan Zhang 1,2,3, Chuanyu Sun 4,5,* and Mingming Ge 6,7,* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abstract: Zinc–iron redox flow batteries (ZIRFBs) possess intrinsic safety and stability and have been the research focus of electrochemical energy storage technology due to their low electrolyte cost. This review introduces the characteristics of ZIRFBs which can be operated within a wide pH range, including the acidic ZIRFB taking advantage of Fen+ with high solubility, the alkaline ZIRFB operating at a relatively high open-circuit potential and current densities, and the neutral ZIRFB providing a non-toxic, harmless, and mild environment. No matter what kind of ZIRFB, there are always zinc dendrites limiting areal capacity on the anode, which has become an obstacle that must be considered in zinc-based RFBs. Therefore, we focus on the current research progress, especially the summarizing and analysis of zinc dendrites, Fe(III) hydrolysis, and electrolytes. Given these challenges, this review reports the optimization of the electrolyte, electrode, membrane/separator, battery structure, and numerical simulations, aiming to promote the performance and development of ZIRFBs as a practical application technology. Based on these investigations, we also provide the prospects and development direction of ZIRFBs. Keywords: zinc–iron; redox flow battery; cost-effective; zinc dendrite; electrolyte design; ion-exchange membrane; large-scale energy storage 1. Introduction As a result of the depletion of fossil fuels, the concerns over energy sustainability and environmental issues are given a more and more vital position [1–4]. The power generation of renewable energy, for instance, solar and wind energy, will surely become the main energy sources of future energy strategy. However, the unique intermittence and instability of renewable energy have brought major challenges to the stable operation of the power system, opening temporal and spatial gaps between the consumption of the energy by end-users and its availability, thus, energy storage technology is an effective means that can help achieve stable and efficient renewable energy [5–7]. Compared with physical techniques (e.g., pumped storage), secondary batteries with higher flexibility have gradually attracted people’s attention [8–10]. Among the various battery techniques, redox flow batteries (RFBs) have proved to have considerable development potential in large-scale energy storage as a result of their long lifetime, high safety, and high-energy efficiency [11–14]. According to the electrolyte used, the RFB system mainly includes vanadium-based RFB, iron-based RFBs, zinc-based RFBs, organic RFBs, polysulfide-based RFBs, etc. [9,15–22]. To date, the vanadium RFB (VRFB) has become the most mature large-scale energy storage technique, which is suitable for large- and medium-sized energy storage scenarios [23–27]. School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114051, China Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330044, China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, PD, Italy School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310023, China National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26507, USA * Correspondence: chuanyu.sun@aliyun.com (C.S.); mmge@vt.edu (M.G.) Citation: Zhang, H.; Sun, C.; Ge, M. Review of the Research Status of Cost-Effective Zinc–Iron Redox Flow Batteries. Batteries 2022, 8, 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ batteries8110202 Academic Editors: Maochun Wu and Haoran Jiang Received: 24 August 2022 Accepted: 12 October 2022 Published: 31 October 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Batteries 2022, 8, 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110202 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteriesPDF Image | Status of Cost-Effective Zinc–Iron Redox Flow Batteries
PDF Search Title:
Status of Cost-Effective Zinc–Iron Redox Flow BatteriesOriginal File Name Searched:
batteries-08-00202-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |