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Potentiostat A potentiostat is an electronic instrument that controls the voltage between two electrodes Two Electrode Configurations This configuration consists of a Working Electrode where the chemistry of interest occurs and a Counter Electrode which acts as the other half of the cell. The applied potential (EA) is measured between the working and counter electrode and the resulting current is measured in the working or counter electrode lead. The counter electrode in the two electrode set‐up serves two functions. It completes the circuit allowing charge to flow through the cell, and it also maintains a constant interfacial potential, regardless of current. Fulfilling both of these requirements is an impossible task under most conditions. In a two electrode system, it’s very difficult to maintain a constant counter electrode potential (eC) while current is flowing. This fact, along with a lack of compensation for the voltage drop across the solution (iRS) leads to poor control of the working electrode potential (eW) with a two electrode system. The roles of passing current and maintaining a reference voltage are better served by two separate electrodes. Counter Electrode Working Electrode EA Bulk Soln ew iRS (b) C (a) W EA Electrolyte eC Figure 1: (a) Simple schematic of two electrode configuration where EA is the applied voltage and C and W are the counter and working electrodes respectively, (b) schematic representation of potential gradients in a two a electrode system while current is flowingPDF Image | potentiostat controls the voltage between two electrodes
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