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crystals Article Nanofiber Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ Electrodes Fabricated by the Electrospinning Method for Solid-Oxide Cells Bo Zhang 1, Zhizhong Leng 1, Yihan Ling 2, Hu Bai 1, Sha Li 1, Juan Zhou 1,* and Shaorong Wang 2,* 1 2 * Correspondence: jzhou@njust.edu.cn (J.Z.); srwang@cumt.edu.cn (S.W.) Abstract: Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are attracting much more attention as promising energy conversion and storage devices. One of the challenges of optimizing of solid-oxide cells’ performance is that there are not enough triple-phase boundaries (TPB) in the electrode bulk. To enhance the reaction area for SOCs, Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning with metal nitrate precursors and used for SOC electrodes operated in both humidified air and a hydrogen atmosphere. SFMO nanofibers display a highly porous and crystallized perovskite structure and continuous pathways by XRD analysis and SEM observation. The average diameter of the SFMO nanofibers after sintering is about 100 nm. The La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM) electrolyte-supported symmetrical cell with the SFMO nanofiber electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance in humidified air and an H2 atmosphere. Moreover, a distribution of the relaxation time method is used to analyze the impedance spectra, and the polarization peaks observed are assigned to correspond different electrochemical processes. The results indicate that the SFMO nanofiber with an improved nanostructure can be the potential material for the SOC electrode. Keywords: solid-oxide cells; electrospinning nanofiber; distribution of relaxation time 1. Introduction Alleviating the increasing concern over problems of environment and energy pro- duction requires drastic modification of our energy system: moving from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy sources. Due to the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, long-term energy storage and efficient energy conversion technology are urgently needed. Solid-oxide cells (SOCs) are promising en- ergy conversion technology, which can produce electrical energy in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and can also store excess energy into chemical fuels in solid-oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) [1–4]. The electrode reaction’s rates have been experimentally and numerically proven to be dependent on the microstructure of the electrodes since the chemical and physical steps pro- ceed at the electrode’s surface and the electrode–electrolyte interface [5,6]. Specifically, the electrochemical performance relies on the porosity and length of the TPB [6–8], which are determined by the material synthesis and electrode fabrication techniques [9,10]. Among them, the nanostructured electrode materials are suggested to accelerate the penetration of fuel into the bulk and obtain prolonged TPBs in SOCs [11–13]. Electrospinning has been applied to the synthesis of ceramic nanofiber materials for the application of SOC electrodes because it provides an enlarged specific surface area, a continuous conduction pathway, and a highly porous structure [14–16]. Hieu et al. [17] electrospun the Ba0.5 Sr0.5 Co0.8 Fe0.2 O3-δ (BSCF) nanofiber and prepared a symmetrical cell on the GDC electrolyte, leading to an 80% reduction in area-specific resistance compared to the powder-based electrode. Chen et al. [18] fabricated (La0.6 Sr0.4 )0.95 Co0.2 Fe0.8 O3-δ (LSCF) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Street, Xuzhou 221116, China Citation: Zhang, B.; Leng, Z.; Ling, Y.; Bai, H.; Li, S.; Zhou, J.; Wang, S. Nanofiber Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ Electrodes Fabricated by the Electrospinning Method for Solid-Oxide Cells. Crystals 2022, 12, 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cryst12111624 Academic Editor: Dmitry Medvedev Received: 29 September 2022 Accepted: 10 November 2022 Published: 12 November 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Crystals 2022, 12, 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111624 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/crystalsPDF Image | Nanofiber Sr2Fe1 Electrodes Fabricated by the Electrospinning
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