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Electrolysis: Splitting Water Teacher Advanced Version In this lab you will use a battery to perform electrolysis, or chemical decomposition, of different aqueous solutions (like water) to produce gases (like hydrogen and oxygen in the case of water). You will measure the volumes of gas produced and compare this to the predicted ratios from chemical equations. Finally, you will explore an industrial application of electrolysis using metal electrodes. California Science Content Standards: • 3. Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry: The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principles of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants. • 3a. Students know how to describe chemical reactions by writing balanced equations. • 3b. Students know the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams. • 3c. Students know one mole equals 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms or molecules). • 3d. Students know how to determine the molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses and how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles, or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure. • 3e. Students know how to calculate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic masses. • **3g. Students know how to identify reactions that involve oxidation and reduction and how to balance oxidation-reduction reactions. • 6. Solutions: Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. • 6a. Students know the definitions of solute and solvent. • 7. Chemical Thermodynamics: Energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter. • 7a. Students know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules/atoms. Prerequisites: • Students are expected to know calculator arithmetic and unit conversions. • Familiarity with chemical formulas, chemical reactions, and the periodic table is a plus. • Some manual dexterity is required to build an apparatus. • Suggested grade level: 9-12 Complete List of Materials (for each group): • 9V battery • 2 wires with alligator clips on either end • 2 wooden pencils, sharpened at both ends (eraser removed) • 2 test-tubes, wide enough to fit the pencils with room to spare (length doesn’t matter) • Shoebox, or comparable box • Scissors with sharp tips • Modeling clay • Marker for labeling • Large cup or bowl for mixing Created by LABScI at Stanford 1PDF Image | Electrolysis splitting water
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