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membranes Article Preparation and Performance Study of the Anodic Catalyst Layer via Doctor Blade Coating for PEM Water Electrolysis Gaoyang Liu 1,2,* , Shanlong Peng 1,2, Faguo Hou 1,2, Xindong Wang 1,2 and Baizeng Fang 1,2,* 1 2 * Correspondence: liugy@ustb.edu.cn (G.L.); baizengfang@163.com (B.F.) Abstract: The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the core component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis cell, which provides a place for water decomposition to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The microstructure, thickness, IrO2 loading as well as the uniformity and quality of the anodic catalyst layer (ACL) have great influence on the performance of PEM water electrolysis cell. Aiming at providing an effective and low-cost fabrication method for MEA, the purpose of this work is to optimize the catalyst ink formulation and achieve the ink properties required to form an adherent and continuous layer with doctor blade coating method. The ink formulation (e.g., isopropanol/H2O of solvents and solids content) were adjusted, and the doctor blade thickness was optimized. The porous structure and the thickness of the doctor blade coating ACL were further confirmed with the in-plane and the cross-sectional SEM analyses. Finally, the effect of the ink formulation and the doctor blade thickness of the ACL on the cell performance were characterized in a PEM electrolyzer under ambient pressure at 80 ◦C. Overall, the optimized doctor blade coating ACL showed comparable performance to that prepared with the spraying method. It is proved that the doctor blade coating is capable of high-uniformity coating. Keywords: PEM water electrolysis; membrane electrode assembly; catalyst layer; doctor blade coating; iridium oxide 1. Introduction In order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and achieve carbon neutrality, hy- drogen production based on the renewable energy sources is a sustainable alternative [1–9]. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is considered to be one of the most promising technologies [10,11]. Compared with alkaline water electrolysis and the solid oxide water electrolysis, PEM water electrolysis has the advantages of small cell size, high efficiency and high current density [12,13]. Generally, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the most important component that has a significant impact on the performance and lifetime of the PEM water electrolyzers. It is extremely desirable to develop the MEA with high-performance and long-life, good consistency and low-cost, for accelerating the commercialization of PEM [14,15]. During the process of the water electrolysis, the mass transport, electronic and proton transport related to the electrochemical reactions take place in the catalyst layer (CL) of the MEA [16,17]. The CL is a porous structured electrode consisting of catalyst particles and an ionomer, where stable solid-liquid reaction interfaces are established to provide effective electrocatalytic active sites [18]. The ionomer in the CL not only acts as a binder to maintain the microstructure, but also forms a contiguous network of the proton transport [19]. Many publications have reported that the improvement of electron and proton conductivity, as well as efficient gas-liquid transport inside the CL are of importance to promote the Department of Energy Storage Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing 100083, China Department of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 College Road, Beijing 100083, China Citation: Liu, G.; Peng, S.; Hou, F.; Wang, X.; Fang, B. Preparation and Performance Study of the Anodic Catalyst Layer via Doctor Blade Coating for PEM Water Electrolysis. Membranes2023,13,24. https:// doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010024 Academic Editors: Yuri Kulvelis and Oleg N. Primachenko Received: 8 December 2022 Revised: 21 December 2022 Accepted: 22 December 2022 Published: 24 December 2022 Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Membranes 2023, 13, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010024 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/membranesPDF Image | Anodic Catalyst Layer Blade Coating PEM Water Electrolysis
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