Two-Dimensional Borophene

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Two-Dimensional Borophene ( two-dimensional-borophene )

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AAAS Research Volume 2020, Article ID 2624617, 23 pages https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/2624617 Review Article Two-Dimensional Borophene: Properties, Fabrication, and Promising Applications Zhongjian Xie,1,2 Xiangying Meng,2 Xiangnan Li,3 Weiyuan Liang,1 Weichun Huang ,4 Keqiang Chen,1 Jianming Chen,1 Chenyang Xing ,5 Meng Qiu,6 Bin Zhang,1 Guohui Nie,1 Ni Xie,1 Xiaobing Yan,3 and Han Zhang 1 1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 2Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 3National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China 4Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 Jiangsu, China 5Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nanoscale Systems, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 6Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China Correspondence should be addressed to Ni Xie; xn100@szu.edu.cn, Xiaobing Yan; yanxiaobing@ime.ac.cn, and Han Zhang; hzhang@szu.edu.cn Received 13 April 2020; Accepted 11 May 2020; Published 15 June 2020 Copyright © 2020 Zhongjian Xie et al. Exclusive Licensee Science and Technology Review Publishing House. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) materials (Xenes) aroused a tremendous attention in 2D science owing to their unique properties and extensive applications. Borophene, one emerging and typical Xene, has been regarded as a promising agent for energy, sensor, and biomedical applications. However, the production of borophene is still a challenge because bulk boron has rather intricate spatial structures and multiple chemical properties. In this review, we describe its excellent properties including the optical, electronic, metallic, semiconducting, photoacoustic, and photothermal properties. The fabrication methods of borophene are also presented including the bottom-up fabrication and the top-down fabrication. In the end, the challenges of borophene in the latest applications are presented and perspectives are discussed. 1. Introduction Graphene is the first discovered 2D material [1]. The discov- ery of the astonishing properties of graphene has brought forth a series of new materials known as “2D materials” [2–4]. 2D forms are a comparatively exciting and new area for many applications [5, 6]. Usually, 2D materials have many prominent physical properties that are promising for electronic devices, nanoengineering, energy conversion, and photonics [7–11]. With the rapid development of graphene, 2D materials, such as phosphorene, BN, germanene, antimo- nene, silicene, arsenene, and transition metal dichalcogen- ides, have recently arisen extensive interest. A mass of atom-thick materials have been theoretically predicted or synthesized [12–16]. More surprisingly, they possess differ- ent structures from graphene, owing to the different out- of-plane buckling degrees [17]. Besides the 2D materials exfoliated from their layered bulk counterparts, some 2D materials can also be manufactured from the bulk mate- rials without layered form, such as the compound of 2D flat boron, 2D GaN, and hafenene [18, 19]. The research on boron in various compounds can be traced back to several hundred years ago, because boron possesses the extraordinary property to combine with nearly

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